2011 左永安顧問 ‘Marketing is the human activity directed at satisfying human needs and wants through an exchange process’
‘ The right product,
in the right place,
at the right time,
and at the right price’
Adcock et al
‘Marketing is the human
activity directed at satisfying
human needs and wants
through an exchange process’
Kotler 1980
‘Marketing is a social and managerial process
by which individuals and groups
obtain what they want and need through creating,
offering and exchanging products of value with others’
Kotler 1991
Implications of marketing
•Who are our existing / potential customers?
•What are their current / future needs?
•How can we satisfy these needs?
•Can we offer a product/ service that the customer would value?
•Can we communicate with our customers?
•Can we deliver a competitive product of service?
•Why should customers buy from us?
